The Basic Difference between Drugs and Chemical Probes
Drugs:
Clinical approved chemical substance, which is used to treat diseases and
disorders.
Chemical
Probes: A chemical substance, which is used to interrogate the
unsolved biological problems in order to understand them.
Chemical
Probes Applications: Biological target identification, target
visualization, target validation, cellular pathway identification, and
identification of off target effects.
Generally chemical probes
consist three regions
 |
| Fig.1 Chemical Probe |
2). Spacer (or) Linker: which is generally
connects, two units and also enables the cell permeability e.g. peptide chain,
poly ethylene glycol chain.
3). Reporter tags: again 3 types based on chemical biology application
a). Fluorescent tag: which is generally report the biological
information by visualization method e.g. Indocyanine green by fluorescent
microscopy.
b).
Radioactive tag: Which is reports the biological distribution
of a chemical compound in a particular region e.g. cell or tissue by imaging
systems such as PET, SPECT scans.
c).
Affinity tag: which is generally used to isolate the
particular targeted protein by Biotin-Avidin affinity chromatography.
Table 1: Difference between drug and chemical probe
| Drugs | Chemical probes |
|---|---|
Has to fulfill PK&PD
|
Not necessary
|
Most of the times single purpose only
|
Multipurpose
|
Treat to disease
|
Disease identification and also reveals nature of target
|
Phenotype outcome is necessary
|
Not necessary
|
Most of the time bind with target reversibly
|
Most of the time bind with target irreversibly (covalent inhibitor)
|
Clinical trials essential
|
Not essential
|
Not toxic but sometimes show side effects
|
Might be toxic because of covalent nature
|
Clinical purpose
|
Biological investigation purpose
|
For further reading please find some useful articles below:
The art of the chemical probe URL
Rethinking screening URL
Chemical probes for biological systems URL
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