Monday, 16 March 2015

Traditional Indian System of Medicine (ISM): Importance in Drug Discovery

Ayurveda-the science and knowledge of life, is acknowledged as a lifestyle in itself since it is a three-dimensional healing system and explains how the interaction between body, mind and spirit can be predicted, balanced and improved to enable us to stay or become healthy and vigorous. This traditional medical practice consists of leading a life in which the body, mind and spirit are in harmony with one another, and asserts that if this harmony is disrupted, the imbalance will make it difficult to sustain a healthy life. According to the survey carried out by the department of AYUSH, Ayurveda remains a major traditional medicine for most of the people (65%) in India.  As seen from bar diagram which depicts the System-wide distribution of AYUSH licensed pharmacy as on 1.4.2008, Ayurveda’s share of licensing constitutes 86% of the total licenses issued by AYUSH (Source: Report of 11th year plan of AYUSH).

A large number of promising lead molecules that have come out of Ayurveda are listed in Table and include some of the most important drugs that are in vogue in the present times such as Reserpine, L-Dopa, CNB-001, Colforsin Daropate etc.

S.NOPlant sourceChemical compoundDisease treated/use
         1.          Cinchona officinalisQuinineMalaria
         2.          Rauwolfia serpentinaReserpineHypertension & tranquilizer
         3.          Psoralea corylifoliaPsoralens(development PUVA for psoriasis)Vitiligo & psoriasis
         4.          Wrightia antidysentericaHolarrhena alkaloids (conessine)Amoebiasis
         5.          Commiphora wightiiGuggulsteronsHypolipidemic agents
         6.          Mucuna pruriensL-DOPAParkinson’s disease
         7.          Piper nigrumPiperidinesBioavailability enhancers
         8.          Bacopa monnieriBaccosidesMental retention
         9.          Picrorhiza kurroaPicrosides (Apocynin)Hepatic protection & Bronchial asthma
       10.        Phyllanthus emblicaPhyllanthinsAntivirals
       11.        Curcuma longaCurcumines(development of CNB-001 for ischemic stroke)Inflammation
       12.        Withania somniferaWithanolides (Sensoril®)Immunomodulators/Schizophrenia
       13.        Dysoxylum malabaricumRohitukine (development of synthetic analog Flavopiridol) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
       14.        Plectranthus barbatusForskolin (development of semisynthetic analog Colforsin daropate)Obesity and atherosclerosis
       15.        Berberis aristataBerberine alkaloidsAnti-dyslipidemia

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